Uranium Exposure, Hypertension, and Blood Pressure in the Strong Heart Family Study

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This figure shows the results of 3 separate analyses for hypertension, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure per log urinary uranium (µg/g creatinine). The risk of hypertension and the mean difference for the change in diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) levels at follow-up versus baseline per log urinary uranium (µg/g creatinine) showed positive linear associations above 5 urinary uranium µg/g creatinine.

Figure.
Risk ratio (RR) of hypertension (A) and mean difference (95% CI) for the change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) levels at follow-up versus baseline (B, C) per log urinary uranium (μg/g creatinine) (N = 1,453), Strong Heart Family Study 1998–2009. The solid black line indicates adjusted effect estimate; shading indicates 95% CIs. Effect estimates were calculated by using restricted cubic splines for uranium with knots at the 10th (referent), 50th, and 90th percentiles of the urinary uranium (μg/g creatinine) distribution, and adjusted for sex, age, smoking status, study center, eGFR, prediabetes status, log urinary arsenic, and log urinary cadmium. Models include generalized estimating equations (GEEs) to account for the clustering of participants within families. Histograms indicate the distribution of log-transformed urinary uranium levels. Incident hypertension was defined as having a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg OR diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg OR taking hypertension medication. The horizontal dashed line indicates no association between urinary uranium and the outcomes.

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